Do all caterpillars become butterflies?

Answer

Many caterpillars end up as dinner or breakfast for a bird or other small animal. Caterpillars are even important in some countries, because they are a protein-rich food for humans. Parasitic wasps are also natural enemies of caterpillars: the wasp paralyzes a caterpillar, and then lays its eggs in it.

And as for the processionary caterpillar, quite a few end up in the flamethrowers of the fighters.