How are the languages ​​translated? How do I know that “also” is “aussi” in French? How did they translate that?

Answer

Dear Melvin,

The languages ​​you learn at school now have (partly) a common background in a limited number of ancient languages. They gradually developed from there as independent and very different languages. But there are still many similarities, many shared tribal elements.
So the languages ​​have not been translated. They arose from earlier languages: French mainly goes back to Latin; Dutch especially on Old Germanic languages ​​that already existed when Latin was still spoken in Rome.