How is a cartoon made?

Answer

Making an animation film is based on the ‘slowness’ of the eye. On average, we cannot view more than 18 images per second.
From the moment we see more images per second, we will not see this as separate images, but as a fluid movement. For film it has been agreed to show 24 frames per second, for video this is 25 frames per second (in Europe). If a film is converted to video in Europe to be shown on TV, the film will be played at 25 frames per second.

In the classic way of making an animated movie, all the images needed to make the movie are drawn one by one. Between the different figurines there is only a small difference to create movement.
Drawing is first done on paper and transparencies, then the figures and backgrounds are colored and finally they are photographed frame by frame with a special camera.
At the moment, for this type of animation film, the drawings are scanned into a computer, or drawn directly on the computer.

Another way to create the statues is to let the computer calculate the movements.
Keyframes are drawn in the computer, and the computer will create the intermediate images. Keyframes are ‘reference images’ that indicate the end points in the movement of all figures in the image. This can be done in both 2D and 3D. In 3D one makes spatial models of the objects, and one has to ‘only’ animate the models, whereby the computer calculates the image.
Another way to create the movements is by using ‘motion tracking’. Actors are filmed and computers will detect the actors’ movements and convert them into the animated figures.

Another form of animation film is ‘stop-motion’. Objects, dolls or clay figures are moved here. By constantly making small changes and photographing them, one obtains the individual images that one needs for the animation film.