Why is 0 Kelvin absolute zero and why do electrons conduct best?

I study electricity and my teacher said that electrons are best conductive at absolute zero. How did that happen?

Asker: thomas, 15 years old

Answer

The electrical resistance ultimately comes from the interaction (say collisions) of the electrons with the lattice ions in a metal. You can compare it with the ball in a pinball machine. As the temperature increases, the lattice ions will vibrate harder and the impact of a collision with an electron will be greater.

However, you cannot immediately conclude from this that the resistance would be zero at absolute zero: impurities in the metal lattice ensure that a finite resistance remains. There is one exception and that is the superconductors, but that is another story.

Why is 0 Kelvin absolute zero and why do electrons conduct best?

Answered by

Prof Walter Lauriks

Physics Acoustics

Catholic University of Leuven
Old Market 13 3000 Leuven
https://www.kuleuven.be/

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