What force causes the globe to spin on its own axis?

The jesuit answer is: why shouldn’t the earth rotate?

You must remember that the sun and its planetary system were created by the contraction of a large cloud: a sphere with (to scale) a radius of ten km has contracted into a pinhead. If there was even a little twist in that cloud (and try to sit completely still!!), then the cloud must have started spinning very quickly when it contracted. The physical law is the law of conservation of angular momentum, of amount of rotation so to speak. The (common) example is the dancer on the ice, which starts spinning faster when she brings her arms to her sides.

That rotation of the contracting cloud is actually the main obstacle to star formation. After all, the rapid rotation causes an acceleration away from the center. Not all matter can fall on the central star, some of it ends up in a rotating disk around the star, and it is in that disk that the planets are formed, each with a fraction of the rotation present there. Thus, all the planets rotate on their axis, and all in (more or less) the same direction as their movement around the sun.

On Earth, that rotation also causes an acceleration away from the axis, which means that you ‘weigh’ less at the equator than at the poles. However, the rotation of the Earth is much too slow to fly away from it: at the equator, the acceleration away from the center is only about 2 percent of the gravitational acceleration that holds us to the Earth. If the rotational period of the Earth was only 3 hours instead of 24, both effects would be of the same order.

In summary: the Earth rotates on its axis, because it was born that way, and because the decelerating effects are too small to stop the rotation.