Is it true that you can simply prove that Newton’s laws are wrong?

Answer

Science creates models that are useful in a particular context to achieve a particular goal. In physics there are no models for many phenomena that work in all possible contexts, have useful applications and are generally accepted. Newton’s laws have been shown to be very useful for most phenomena on Earth. Scientists and engineers use them every day to design cars, airplanes, computers, ….

The law F=ma means that if a force of magnitude F acts on an object with mass m, an acceleration a is produced. This law is simple and works very well when objects move much slower than the speed of light. There is a better formula that is very precise for both slow and fast objects, but the disadvantage of this formula is that it is more complicated, and more difficult to use. For low speeds there is hardly any difference between the two formulas. That’s why scientists and engineers use Newton’s formula. I am not aware of a simple argument. Using the Maxwell equations for electricity and some philosophical arguments you can show that F=ma is not tenable when objects are moving at a great speed. Personally, I don’t think the argument is that simple at all. So to arrive at some kind of contradiction, I think you need a thought experiment that involves both electromagnetic interactions and high velocities.

The law F=Cm1m2/r^2 describes gravity. Here too there is another formula. However, it is very complicated and for most applications there is hardly any difference between the two formulas. An exception is a correction of a few centimeters on GPS devices.