Emperor Friedrich II was also called “Stupor Mundi” – the wonder of the world. As the Roman-German Emperor, King of Sicily and Jerusalem and Duke of Swabia, the Hohenstaufen was perhaps the most powerful ruler of the Middle Ages. But with his death he threw Europe into chaos. The long phase of the interregnum, the imperial period, followed in the empire. In Italy, on August 23, 1268, two armies of knights met to fight for the crown of Sicily on the battlefield: Konradin, the last legitimate heir of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, met Charles of Anjou, brother of the French King Louis IX. The luck in the battle billowed to and fro, because it was clear to both opponents: To decide the battle for Sicily, the adversary had to die …
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